It was shown that the expression levels of NHE3 and AQP4 were significantly increased in the diarrhoea mice treated with berberine compared with the untreated diarrhoea mice.
Reduced NHE3 expression or function has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diarrhea associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or enteric infections.
In summary, our studies, for the first time, demonstrate transcriptional regulation of DRA expression by CDX2, implying that reduced expression of DRA in inflammatory bowel disease-associated diarrhea may, in part, be due to downregulation of CDX2 in the inflamed mucosa.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> SLC26A3 [downregulated in adenoma (DRA)] mediates intestinal luminal NaCl absorption and is downregulated in inflammatory bowel disease-associated diarrhea.
Further, GLP-1-SSM alleviated diarrhea (as assessed by luminal fluid) by increasing protein expression of intestinal chloride transporter DRA (down regulated in adenoma).
Moreover, diarrhea in baby rabbits led to significantly reduced levels of total serum protein (<i>P</i> < 0.05) and markedly increased levels of alkaline phosphatase, urea nitrogen, TNF-<i>α</i>, and IL-6 (<i>P</i> < 0.05).
Irritable bowel syndrome patients with diarrhoea had significantly decreased mRNA expression of mucosal cytokines [interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6] in the sigmoid colon vs controls (P < 0.05).
Categorizing data based on IBS subtypes, showed that IL-6 level is significantly higher in diarrhea predominant IBS (IBS-D) compared to control (SMD: 2.62 [95%CI: 0.29-4.95]; p=0.03), while it is comparable in constipation predominant IBS (IBS-C) and alternating IBS (IBS-A) patients with healthy controls.
In pigs, the alpha-(1,2) fucosyltransferase (FUT1) gene has been highlighted for its properties in controlling the intestinal expression of enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) F18 receptors; a pathogen causing edema disease and post-weaning diarrhoea.
In children, lactase and sucrase-isomaltase are essential intestinal glycohydrolases, and insufficiency of either enzyme causes diarrhea and malnutrition.
Japanese postmenopausal patients with HR+ breast cancer chose between 2 hypothetical treatments for HR+/HER2- advanced breast cancer using an online discrete choice experiment, defined by different levels of 5 attributes: progression-free survival (PFS), incidence of diarrhea (IOD), frequency of loose stools of grade 1-3 severity (FOS), duration of diarrhea (DOD), and route/frequency of administration (RFA).
In the present study, the AA genotype at the -251 position was associated with the occurrence of EAEC-associated diarrhea and increased levels of fecal IL-8.
The aim of this study was to compare virulence properties, including the phylogenetic groups, afa subtypes, IL-8 secretion levels, and the effects on tight junctions, of DAEC strains isolated from healthy persons with those isolated from patients with diarrhoea.
Meanwhile in rats with NAFLD: i) metformin inhibited hepatic total cholesterol and TGF-β, increased diarrhea frequency, and slightly decreased liver steatosis, and fibrosis; ii) 4-hydroxychalcone decreased IL-6, TNF-α and TGF-β, increased IL-10, and markedly decreased liver steatosis and fibrosis; and iii) co-treatment markedly decreased food intake, total caloric intake, and body weight, increased diarrhea; increased IL-10, showing and intermediate effect on decrease TNF-α, TGF-β, liver steatosis and fibrosis.
After rats were treated for 7 days, decreased AQP3 expression and the onset of diarrhea were observed in the DKT group, but were not seen in the Daio group either.
When comparing IBS subtypes, TNFα and IL-17 were significantly (P<0.05) higher, and IL-10 was significantly (P<0.05) lower in diarrhea predominant IBS (IBS-D) compared to HCs, whereas the inflammatory cytokine profile of other subtypes more closely resembled that of HCs.